Django is an open-source web application framework written in Python.

Nginx is an open-source, high-performance HTTP server and reverse proxy server.

uWSGI is an implementation of the Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI), used for communication between a web server and Python web applications.

References:

https://medium.com/bucketing/nginx-uwsgi-python-%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%9C%E8%81%AF-1-nginx%E7%AF%87-e0566f43c70b

https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1594840

Nginx official documentation: https://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html

Difference between Nginx and uWSGI:

• Both Nginx and uWSGI are web servers and can both be used to deploy services like Django.
• Nginx: Extremely efficient at serving static resources; also supports load balancing, reverse proxying, and attack mitigation.
• uWSGI: Single-node deployment, easier to set up, slightly lower performance, but supports a wider variety of web protocols.

Difference between uWSGI and uwsgi:

• uWSGI: A web server.
• uwsgi: A web protocol.

Difference between WSGI and uwsgi:

• uwsgi: Also a web protocol, faster transmission (binary storage, whereas other web protocols use string storage).
• WSGI: A Python-specific web protocol.

Install Django

pip install Django

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

Install uWSGI

Unable to find libpython3.12.a.

This is a Python version issue. Solution:

conda create -n django_env python=3.9

conda activate django_env

conda install uwsgi

Then install Django again.

Install Nginx

yum install nginx

Start the service:

systemctl start nginx
systemctl restart nginx

At this point, visiting the server’s IP address should display the Nginx welcome page.

Enable auto-start on boot:

systemctl enable nginx

Stop the service:

systemctl stop nginx

Configure Django

django-admin startproject demosite
cd demosite
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

For external access, modify settings.py:

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

Configure uWSGI

Create /etc/uwsgi9090.ini with the following content:

[uwsgi]
socket = 0.0.0.0:3031
chdir = /home/wjr/test/django/demosite
wsgi-file = /home/wjr/test/django/demosite/wsgi.py
processes = 5
threads = 30
master = true
daemonize = /home/wjr/test/django/demosite/uwsgi.log
module=demosite.wsgi
pidfile = /home/wjr/test/django/demosite/uwsgi.pid
chmod-socket=666
enable-threads = true

# Start Django with uWSGI: must be run from inside the project directory
uwsgi --http x.x.x.x:80 --ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini --static-map=/static=static
# Access the project: http://x.x.x.x

# Stop uWSGI
pkill -9 -f uwsgi
# or
uwsgi --stop /home/wjr/test/django/demosite/uwsgi.pid

Configure Nginx

Create and edit nginx.conf in /etc/nginx/conf.d/:

server {
    listen       8888;
    server_name  192.168.56.11;
    client_max_body_size 5M;
    gzip on;
    gzip_buffers 32 4K;#buffer 32 blocks of 4K each in memory
    gzip_comp_level 6 ;#compression level, 6 is recommended
    gzip_min_length 4000;#minimum length to start compression: 4 bytes
        gzip_types text/plain application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/css application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png image/x-ms-bmp;
        location / {
              include uwsgi_params;
              uwsgi_pass 0.0.0.0:3031;
              uwsgi_ignore_client_abort on;
        }

        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
}

[root@linux-node1 demo2]# systemctl restart nginx   # Start Nginx
[root@linux-node1 demo2]# uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini    # Start the Django project via uWSGI
# Access the project at http://192.168.56.11:8888/
[root@linux-node1 demo2]# uwsgi --stop uwsgi.pid    # Stop uWSGI

If there is a port conflict, check for the conflicting process:

lsof -i :80

Flask Notes

Flask is a lightweight web application framework written in Python, based on the Werkzeug WSGI toolkit and the Jinja2 template engine.

Installation:

pip install flask

Create a Python file:

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello_world():
    return "<p>Hello, World!</p>"

Run:

flask --app hello run --host=0.0.0.0 --port=5739

Test with curl:

curl -X POST http://x.x.x.x:5739 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"text":"️️测试文字"}'